Today, the economy of Pakistan has many big challenges. One of the biggest issues is the vast informal sector. This segment of the economy remains invisible to the tax office. It gets nothing on the national budget. The importance of GST in addressing this issue is critical. General Sales Tax helps in formalization of businesses. It records every single transaction that takes place. This record is essential for any strong country. The government can’t do public services properly without it. A tax system that is based on real numbers sees to it that everyone can pay their fair share. This results in better roads and schools for everyone.

What is the Role of GST in the Economy?

Many people ask what the role of GST is in simple terms. This tax acts as a bridge between the buyer and the state. It is a tax on the consumption of goods and services. Every time a person buys a product, they pay this tax. The business then sends this money to the Federal Board of Revenue. The main goal is to generate revenue for the government. This money helps to pay for the army and hospitals. It also helps to reduce the debt of the nation. The role of GST is to make the tax system more efficient. It replaces many old and confusing taxes with one clear system.

Key Features of GST for Modern Markets

The features of GST make it different from other types of taxes. One main feature is the value-added concept. Tax is only paid on the value added at each stage. This prevents the same item from being taxed multiple times. Another feature is the input tax credit system. Registered businesses can claim back the tax they paid on raw materials. This encourages every shop and factory to register with the state. Documentation becomes a benefit for the business owner. They save money by being part of the formal system. This feature helps to track the movement of goods in the country.

Transparency and Accountability

• The system requires digital invoices for all large transactions.

• It reduces the chance of manual errors in tax filing.

• The tax authorities can see the sales of a business easily.

• It creates a level playing field for all market players.

Various Types of GST in Pakistan

There are different types of GST depending on the nature of the trade. The first type is tax on goods. The federal government manages this tax across the whole country. The standard rate for most goods is now eighteen percent. The second type is tax on services. Provincial governments collect this tax within their own borders. Each province has its own rate for different services. For example, the rate in Sindh might differ from Punjab. There is also a zero-rated tax for export items. This helps Pakistani products stay competitive in the global market. These types of GST ensure that no sector stays untaxed.

The Challenge of the Informal Sector

The informal economy in Pakistan is very large. It includes small shops and street vendors, and unregistered factories. These businesses deal only in cash. They do not keep any official accounts. This makes it hard for the state to collect revenue. It also creates unfair competition for honest taxpayers. Informal businesses do not pay for the infrastructure they use. This puts a heavy burden on the formal sector. The role of GST is to force these businesses to document their work. It acts as a tool to shrink the shadow economy.

Documenting the Value Chain

GST is a flow-through tax system. Each seller shall issue an invoice relating to the payments made by the buyer. This invoice serves as proof of your purchase. If a factory sells a wholesaler, they need to count it. If the wholesaler sells something to a retailer, they’d need to record that as well. This is then a paper trail going from introduction to conclusion. The tax office can trace this paper trail and catch tax evaders. But once the buyer is looking for a tax credit, it gets difficult to avoid reporting sales. Only registered sellers will buy from the buyer in order to save on costs. This domino effect helps formalize the entire market.

The Impact on Cash Transactions

Cash is the main fuel for the informal economy. Many people prefer cash to avoid leaving a digital footprint. The role of GST is to move the country toward digital payments. Registered businesses often use bank transfers for their deals. They need bank records to prove their tax claims to the FBR. As more businesses register, the use of cash will decrease. This makes the economy more transparent for everyone. It also helps the central bank to monitor the money supply. A documented economy is a safe economy for investors.

Improving National Revenue Collection

The government of Pakistan needs a lot of money for development. High revenue allows the state to lower the budget deficit. The role of GST is to provide a steady flow of funds. It is a broad-based tax that covers many items. Even small increases in the tax base can lead to billions of revenues. This money helps to provide subsidies for the poor. It also supports the growth of the local industry. A high tax to the GDP ratio is a sign of a healthy nation. GST is the primary engine for reaching this goal.

Challenges to GST Implementation

Implementing GST is not always easy in developing countries. Many small traders resist the idea of registration. They fear that the tax office will harass them. There is also a lack of education about tax laws. Some businesses find the digital filing process to be too hard. The government must provide better tools and training for the public. High tax rates can also lead to more tax evasion. It is important to have a fair and simple tax system. This will encourage more people to join the formal net voluntarily.

Common Barriers

Barrier	Description
Technical Gap	Many traders do not know how to use computers.
Trust Issue	People do not trust the tax authorities with their data.
Compliance Cost	Hiring an accountant can be expensive for small shops.
High Rates	High taxes make the informal sector more attractive.

Our Professional Assistance

CBM Consultants provides expert help for businesses facing GST issues. We are compliance and tax experts, and we serve all of Pakistan. Our team helps you with registration and monthly filing. We ensure that you claim every input tax credit correctly. This saves your business money and keeps you safe from penalties. We also provide audit support for provincial and federal tax matters. Our goal is to make tax compliance easy for you. We help you transition from the informal to the formal sector smoothly. Let us handle the paperwork while you focus on your growth.

Conclusion

The role of GST remains a pillar for the future of Pakistan. It is the best way to bring orders to a chaotic market. By documenting every sale, we build a stronger state. The informal economy must shrink for the nation to prosper. Every citizen and business owner has a role to play. Paying taxes is a duty that helps the whole community. With better technology and fair laws, we can achieve our goals. A formal economy attracts foreign investment and creates jobs. It is the path toward a modern and wealthy Pakistan.

The global economy is changing very fast in the year 2026. Taxes are a very big part of these major changes. Education and health are the most important sectors for any country. People often ask about the taxes on these vital services. This blog explains the current rules for the general sales tax. We focus on GST on Education and Healthcare in this guide. Understanding these taxes helps families plan their monthly spending. It also helps schools and hospitals stay within the law. Our blog provides clear and simple information today.

Overview of GST on Education Services

Education is a primary need for every human being today. Most governments try to keep it very cheap and accessible. GST on Education Services covers a wide range of learning activities. This includes primary schools and colleges, and large universities. Most basic schools do not pay any sales taxes. This keeps the tuition fees low for all parents. However, some specialized training centers must pay taxes. This includes language schools and private computer centers. GST on Education Services varies between different countries and regions. In 2026, many regions have updated their tax laws. We need to stay informed about these important updates. This ensures that education remains accessible to every child.

Detailed View of GST on Education

Pakistan has a very unique system for various education taxes. The current law provides many benefits to the school owners. GST on Education in Pakistan is generally not charged on basic fees. This applies to most primary and secondary schools in the country. However, large private schools might face some specific taxes. These taxes usually apply only to very high annual fees. The provincial boards manage these tax collections in every province. This includes the revenue boards in Sindh and Punjab. GST on Education in Pakistan helps to balance the state budget. It provides much needed funds for the public school system. Every citizen should know these very important tax rules. We provide expert advice on all these local laws.

Impact of Tax on Education Sectors

The tax on education sectors includes multiple types of taxes. Institutions must pay income tax on their total annual profits. They also pay sales taxes on their various imported goods. This includes school furniture and also modern lab equipment. These additional costs can affect the total school fees. Many non-profit organizations get special tax breaks from the state. They must register with the government to get this benefit. This helps them provide free books and also school uniforms. Tax on education sectors is a very vital topic today. It affects how schools manage their total annual budgets. Proper tax planning is essential for every learning institution. Our firm helps schools with all these complex tasks.

Social Value of GST on Healthcare Services

Health is the greatest wealth for any person today. The government protects health services from very high taxes. GST on Healthcare Services is often not applicable at all. This includes stays in the hospital and also major surgeries. It also covers simple visits to the general doctor. The goal is to provide cheap medical care for everyone. However, some cosmetic treatments do have a regular tax. This applies to beauty surgeries and also dental whitening. GST on Healthcare Services remains low for most people. This ensures that everyone can afford their basic medical care. We track these laws to help our medical clients. Knowledge of these taxes is very good for everyone.

Defining the GST Rate for Healthcare

The standard GST Rate for Healthcare is usually zero today. This is a very common rule in the year 2026. It applies to most lifesaving drugs and medical treatments. Some diagnostic tests might have a very low tax rate. This rate is often five percent or even less. It depends on the specific laws of each province. The GST Rate for Healthcare protects the public. It keeps the cost of essential medicine very stable. Hospitals must be very careful with their total billing process. They should not charge tax on any exempt items. This helps build trust with all of their patients. We provide training for hospital staff on these rules.

GST on Healthcare Services

Pakistan offers many tax reliefs for the local medical centers. GST on Healthcare Services in Pakistan is mainly at zero. This covers most operations and also all hospital stays. Pharmacies also enjoy many tax exemptions on essential drugs. The Federal Board of Revenue sets out these specific tax rules. Some private luxury clinics might pay a small service tax. This tax goes directly to the provincial revenue boards. GST on Healthcare Services in Pakistan is very well defined. It helps the government maintain all national hospitals. Patients should check their bills for any tax errors. We help medical centers stay compliant with these laws.

Analyzing the GST Rate for Education

The current GST Rate for Education is quite low today. Most schools pay no sales tax at all in 2026. Only very expensive private schools have taxes. This rate is usually between three and five percent. It applies to schools with very high annual revenues. The GST Rate for Education aims for better social balance. It collects money from those who can easily pay for it. This money supports free education programs nationwide. It is important to check the latest tax table. The year 2026 has seen some very minor updates. Our firm provides the latest and accurate tax rates.

Important Facts About Essential Service Taxes

• Basic schooling is exempt from all sales tax in Pakistan.

• Life saving medicines carry a zero-tax rate for patients.

• Large private universities must register with the revenue boards.

• Diagnostic services in public hospitals are free from GST.

• Imported medical machinery may have a reduced tax rate.

• Charitable schools do not pay taxes on their school fees.

• Specialized medical consultants might charge a small service tax.

These points help you understand the daily impact of taxes. We aim to keep our clients updated on these facts. Proper knowledge leads to better financial management for everyone.

Professional Services by Our Tax Firm

Our firm is a leader in tax consultancy services. We have many years of professional experience in this field. We offer specialized services for schools and also hospitals. Our team handles your GST on Education and Healthcare. We help with your registration and monthly filings. We ensure that you get all the legal tax exemptions. This helps your organization save a lot of money. We also provide audit support for large medical centers. Our goal is to make taxes very easy for you. You can focus on your core professional work today. Let our experts handle all the complex tax papers. We are your partners in financial success today.

Conclusion

In conclusion, taxes are a part of our life. GST on Education and Healthcare remains a very important topic. These rules ensure that essential services remain affordable. We hope this blog has helped you understand it. Understanding taxes is the key to very good management. Stay informed and follow the latest legal rules today. Our firm is always here to help you out.

The financial services GST assumes more significance in the ever-changing fiscal regime of Pakistan and regulates the taxation imposed on financial sector. This system of indirect taxation helps in achieving compliance, revenue collection, and affects many counterparts. No matter if you are a banking company, an insurance company, or into non-banking financial services, having in-depth knowledge of financial services GST will be crucial to manage the taxes in Pakistan and comply with them.

Understanding GST Implications

GST impacts on financial services in Pakistan transcend pure compliance and will affect operational issues, pricing dynamics and overall business model viability. The Federal Excise Act, 2005 and related rules and regulations of financial services are predominantly subject to Federal Excise Duty (FED), which is GST services. This tax is imposed by the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) on a wide array of banking, insurance, and non-banking transactions.

For example, banking companies, insurance companies and NBFIs such as leasing firms and modarabas have to record this tax on their service charge. The consequences would mean potential service fee hikes for consumers that undermine affordability and market competition. Businesses must also keep detailed records to recover input tax adjustments (amounts owed to them by the government) that will offset net taxes payable. Failure to comply with entails penalties, auditing and interruptions, which further testify the importance of sound tax planning for the financial sector.

Financial Services GST Rates

While talking about financial services GST Rates, it is important to remember that the general rate which applies on most of the services. There is a 16% levy on the fees, charges, premiums, as per First Schedule of the Federal Excise Act, 2005 and amendments through the Finance Act.

Below is a simplified table showing main rates for different categories:

Category	Services Included	GST/FED Rate
Banking Services	Guarantees, brokerage, LC issuance, fund transfers, credit/debit card operations, foreign exchange commissions	16% of charges
Insurance Services	Goods, fire, theft, marine, life, and other miscellaneous insurance	16% of premiums
Non-Banking Financial Institutions	Leasing (financial, commodity, hire-purchase), musharika financing, modarabas	16% of charges
Foreign Exchange Dealers	Currency exchange, money changer services	16% of commissions

These rates are subject to periodic revisions in annual budgets, such as those in the Finance Act 2025-26, which maintained the 16% benchmark for most financial services while introducing adjustments for digital and imported elements. Reduced rates or exemptions may apply to export-oriented services or specific low-income thresholds, but standard transactions adhere to this framework.

Role of Financial Services GST Rates

It is important to know the GST rates for financial services so that you can apply taxes properly. The general GST rates are applicable to all taxable financial service; however, rates may differ by:

• Federal vs provincial jurisdiction

• Type of financial service

• Type of customer (Individual or Corporation)

Banks and financial institutions need to keep track of GST laws and rate notifications, released by tax regulators.

GST on Imported Services for Financial Institutions

With more and more dependence on foreign suppliers, GST on imported services has emerged as a prominent compliance issue for financial institutions. Imported services such as:

• IT and software services

• Consultancy and advisory services

• Cloud-based financial systems

• International data processing services

fall under reverse charge and attract GST. This is to say that the local bank has to pay GST whether the supplier in question is from abroad.

Compliance and Challenges

GST on Imported Services also complicates things further for banks in Pakistan. Sales tax will be self-assessed and paid by the recipient of taxable imported service under the provisions of reverse charge mechanism as described in Sales Tax Act, 1990 if services are provided by a non-resident. That includes financial services such as reinsurance premiums or offshore consulting services, subject to the standard sales tax rate of 17% (amounts may vary at a provincial level).

In case of banking and insurance, imported services that include re-insurance from foreign companies are subject to withholding tax at 5% as per Section 152 of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 irrespective of any FED. Such a duty towards carrying on advisory or leasing activities in their import by non-banking institutions also applies. Difficulties include accurate billing for services in currencies other than one’s home currency and timely reporting to avoid fines. These payments can be claimed as input tax credit by businesses, provided they are documented correctly and in compliance with FBR rules.

Conclusion

GST has brought about a drastic change in taxation regime for Banking, Insurance and Non-Banking Financial Companies which were h exempt. Whether it is GST on financial transactions or compliance with GST on imported services, entities in the financial sector need to be vigilant.

Accurately understanding GST effects on financial services in combination with proper financial services GST rates is not just good practice. They ensure regulatory compliance and the retention of sound footing for your business.

While managing earners in a fast-growing economy such as Pakistan, GST retail sectors is an important yet complicated factor for an organization. General Sales Tax (GST) in Pakistan with sector-specific GST rates The FBR is the authority responsible for sales tax. Rising from the then 17% of February 2023, this rate applies to most taxable supplies and makes life difficult for retailers in a vastly fragmented market where small, unorganized entities rule.

Pakistan’s retail industry is highly fragmented, with millions of tiny shops, wholesalers and vendors. This fragmentation results in extremely low registration levels fewer than 1 in 10 potential taxpayers registered and wide compliance gaps, evasion threats and inconsistent enforcement. Retailers are required to constantly interpret different rules for input tax credits, provincial sales tax on services and the frequent changes in GST rates just to keep the day-to-day operations of their businesses running smoothly.

Understanding GST Rate

The present GST rate in Pakistan is 18% on most goods, a rate that has been adopted to mobilize additional revenue in the context of fiscal pressures. It is this standard rate that applies to domestic supplies and imports, not including exempt or reduced-rate products.

Recent GST rate changes include:

• It will increase the rate from 17% to 18% in 2023.

• The budget talks for 2025-26 involve proposals to raise the reduced rates (for example, from 5% to 10% on goods such as secondhand clothes, footwear, and some fertilizers).

• Higher rates of up to 25% on luxury imports in some cases.

The changes are intended to expand the tax base but typically land on retailers with unexpected increases in costs, which can be passed along to consumers or squeeze their margins.

Impact of GST on Retail Sector

The effect of GST on Pakistan’s retail sector is manifold. The positive side is that GST permits input tax credits, which are the taxes paid on purchases offset against the output tax collection. This may help to mitigate cascading implications and stimulate formalization.

However, challenges dominate:

• Compliance Burden: Managed with monthly filings, real-time POS integration for Tier-1 retailers and documentation requirements are taking its toll on resources particularly in cases where supply chains remain fragmented.

• Cash Flow Issues: Working capital gets held up due to late refund or input credit adjustment.

• Inflationary Pressure:Higher rates for FMCGs and staples, likely to contribute to price inflation, could mute consumer demand in a market sensitive to pricing.

• Informal Competition: Unregistered players escape GST, compete for formal retailers.

In short, GST eases an otherwise complex chain and endorses fairness, but its fragmented roll-out in a retail industry which isn’t entirely organized widens the gap between large chains and small street sellers.

GST on Small Businesses

Small retailers are faced with a range of issues relating to small businesses and GST. A lot of them are below registration thresholds (e.g. turnover under a certain level for possible exemptions), but once you cross those, you must register.

Key issues include:

• Limited awareness and lack of compliance.

• Higher real costs as he cannot take full input credit if non-registered.

• Sanctions for violation in the face of lax enforcement.

Small-business owners recognize that GST can help formalize operations and create credibility, but they also feel penalized by the system. This drives some further information.

List of Retail Sectors GST Rates

Products have different rates: most retail goods are taxed at the standard 18% GST rate. Summary of GST rates for different retail sectors Here is a simplified list of the tax rates on Retail categories:

• Standard Rate (18%): Electric goods, home appliances, branded clothes, packed food items, cosmetics, and most other imported retail goods.

• Reduced Rates: Certain necessities such as fertilizers (possibly going up to 10%), pharmaceuticals (various often lower), and stationery (about 10%).

• Higher Rates: Luxury items (as much as 25% on some).

• Exemptions/Zero-rates: Raw food, zero-rated medicine, poultry feed and exports.

Retailers are referring to FBR schedules for exact HS Codes as rates of branded vs unbranded will be different.

Using a Retail Sectors GST Calculator

Retail Sectors GST calculator is a useful device to support in the following for retailers:

• Calculate GST accurately on sales.

• Determine final prices for customers.

• Estimate monthly tax liability.

• Avoid calculation errors in invoices.

Digital solutions and POS-integrated GST calculators can help mitigate compliance risks and help save time.

Navigating Challenges in a Fragmented Market

Pakistan’s fragmented retail market, federal GST on goods, but provincial taxes on services, also leaves compliance challenges. Cross province operation unclears several, but informal rule is undermining the tax-base.

Solutions include:

• Digital tools, such as FBR’s IRIS portal to facilitate easier filing.

• POS integration for real-time reporting.

• Simpler regimes for small traders have been lobbied.

As Pakistan pushes for higher revenue, reconciling Retail Sectors tax enforcement with formalization support is critical for inclusive growth.

Conclusion:

Managing Retail Sectors In-Pakistan, a highly fragmented retail market makes GST management difficult, but possible with some effort. By knowing how GST affects the retail industry picking up any changes to the GST rate and using a tool such as a retail sectors GST calculator, retailers can keep themselves in line while remaining competitive. If your organization is a small shop or a giant retail chain, proactive GST management helps to run smooth business and worry free from regulations.

The GST on agriculture sector in Pakistan and its impact are also very significant, shaping nation’s farm scenario. Agriculture is Pakistan’s largest industry, with about 24% of its GDP contributed by agriculture and employing almost half of the total labor force. Given that the sector already benefits from a wide range of protections to aid farmers, it is important for all concerned parties including farmers, suppliers and policymakers to have a better understanding about the GST in agriculture sector of Pakistan.

This blog discusses the important aspects of GST in agriculture, the taxability of farm equipment and yield of farmers, and recent updates on GST applicable for the agronomic sector.

Key Areas of GST

The key focus areas in GST for agriculture sector are basically about exemptions and reduced rates to reduce the tax incidence on farming operations. In Pakistan, Federal Sales Tax (GST) is governed by the Sales Tax Act, 1990 Some goods may be exempt required. The standard rate for GST is 18% as of 2025.

But there are several agriculture-specific exclusions and exemptions:

Unprocessed Agricultural Produce:

Generally, all basic food and raw Agri-produce in Pakistan are exempted from sales tax. This applies to fresh fruits and vegetables, grain, and other unprocessed items that come directly from a farmer.

Key Agri Inputs:

Fertilizers (DAP on reduced rates) and pesticides continue to be exempted or at lower levels in the past budgets. The government in its budget 2025-26 proposals did not extend GST levy to these essential inputs, which came as a big relief to farmers.

Seeds and Other Essentials:

Some agricultural supplies, like poultry feed and some seeds, are exempted from or lightly taxed.

Farm Machinery and Equipment:

Concession is accorded to imports and local purchases for some agricultural machinery, except for the normal rate unless otherwise indicated on schedules.

These focal points of GST in agriculture are designed to mitigate input costs and help spur productivity without loading it with other taxes.

Taxability of Agri-Produce and Farm Equipment

Agri-Produce

Uncultured or minimally processed agricultural products are exempted significantly if provided by growers or local suppliers. This waiver would apply to market prepared vegetables with minimal processing. However:

• The normal GST (18%) is also liable for processed or branded products.

• Materials sourced through intermediaries or in packaged forms may carry liability for tax.

The farm gate sales are still allowed, consistent with the policy to protect primary producers.

Farm Equipment

Farm equipment, including tractors, harvesters and irrigation equipment are common goods that generally attract sales tax of 18 per cent on import and supply. However:

• Some categories under the Sixth Schedule or specific notifications are exempted or preferred (especially greenhouses, milking machines, and specialized equipment).

• Local producers and importers receive favorable treatment in export-processing or other special zones.

Recent talks have showcased potential justifications, but fundamental farming machinery is taxed at higher rates than inputs, such as fertilizers.

GST Rate Changes for Agriculture Sector

The GST rate structure changes with respect to agriculture have been temporary despite mounting pressure on the economy. Key recent developments include:

• Exemption on fertilizers and pesticides in the budget of 2025, refusal to increases (DAP had stayed at stuttered level despite being considered for increase).

• The standard rate of GST was raised to 18% in general, but exemptions for agriculture related were maintained.

• No major hikes on the core inputs, though inputs for fertilizer production (like natural gas) would have been under review.

These changes struck a balance between revenue requirements and sectoral support, without any liability that might push up food prices.

Impact of GST on Agricultural Sector

Effects of GST on Agriculture mixed but more protective. Exemptions for fresh produce and major inputs have helped to keep prices in check, avoiding inflation in food price while doing its bit for rural livelihoods.

Positive aspects:

• Cheaper input costs for fertilizers and pesticides mean higher yields and access.

• The exemptions ensure that there is no tax cascading, and investment in primary agriculture is promoted.

Challenges:

• The tax on machinery is raising the cost of mechanization and becoming an obstacle to modernization by small farmers.

• Potential future justifications (IMF-encouraged) could end up increasing costs if they decrease the available exemptions.

Taken together, the current system assists growth, but continued exclusions are essential to sustaining it.

Conclusion

GST on Agriculture sector in Pakistan is a protective and selective levy system. Although levy on simple farming products is almost nil, the GST is there on processed items and also on equipment for agriculture as well as in some of the inputs. The significance of major aspects of GST in agriculture, updating changes in GST rate for agriculture sector and analyzing the GST on agricultural sector are necessary for sustainable development and locomotion.

For both farmers as well as agribusinesses, the ability to keep abreast of information allows cost effective production, regulatory conformity and long-term sustainability in one of Pakistan’s key economies.

The local automobile sector has been a driving force of our economy for decades, generating employment, fostering other related industries, and catering to the transportation needs of millions. But the industry also continues to be affected by taxation, especially GST rates on vehicles. Effects high and ever-increasing GST rates on vehicles in Pakistan have played an important role towards affordability of vehicle, local manufacturing as well as imports patterns in the recent past (specially with the federal budget 2025-26).

Understanding GST Rates on Vehicles

A sales tax in Pakistan is known as the General Sales Tax (GST) being part of Federal Board of Revenue. Pakistan’s general sales tax rate is 18%. But lower rates are historically offered to the auto sector on certain categories to make them affordable and available for local assembly.

Small cars (up to 850cc) were charged with a concessional GST of 12.50% in the budget before 2025-26. However, the new budget has merged them with a general rate and increased GST rates on vehicles in Pakistan for small units to 18 percent. This can be especially tough on darling entry levelers like Suzuki’s Alto, that don’t get any cheaper for budget buyers.

There can also potentially be a higher effective tax rate for bigger cars, hybrids and imports such as customs duty (for imported vehicles)  and more recent taxes like the Climate Support Levy that was introduced in the 2025-26 budget. This duty is clearly targeted at the ICE vehicles and raises their prices both above local made as well as imported cars.

How Much is the GST on Cars?

As of December 2025:

Small cars (up to 850cc):

18% GST against current 12.5%.

Most other locally manufactured/assembled vehicles:

18% standard GST rate, potential variance for hybrids (prior to corrective changes, around the lower margin of about 8.5%, but proposals generally being modified back and forth).

Imported vehicles:

 18% GST on CIF (Cost, Insurance, Freight) value + customs duties and other charges apply.

These GST rates of vehicles alone can be rated as one of the highest in the region in terms of auto taxation for Pakistan, not to mention adding a burden due to additional environmental and carbon levies.

How to Calculate GST on a Car?

GST on a car is easy to calculate if you know the tax value:

• Calculate the base value: For locally built automobiles, this is most commonly the ex-works price. For imports, it is the CIF value and customs duty.

• Take the GST percentage rate:Now, calculate this: Base value × GST Percentage Rate (18% in most cases).

• Add more taxes: Factor in federal excise duty (if applicable), income tax withholding and new try-ons like the 1-3% Climate Support Levy on ICE vehicles.

Impact of High GST Rates

Heavy GST imposed on vehicles in Pakistan directly affects the prices of vehicles for end users. The increase in small cars to 18 percent is expected to raise the prices of the Suzuki Alto model by PkR160,000-190,000 per unit. That makes new vehicles increasingly out of reach for middle and lower-income families looking for cheaper options.

In general, car prices have increased for the following reasons:

• Reduced rates being aligned with the standard 18%.

• Environmental tax imposed on fuel-based cars.

• Perpetual high luxury and large-degree tax (can be as much as 25% on cars priced above certain price brackets).

As a result, demand for new cars has weakened within more price-sensitive groups, prompting buyers to either shift towards or delay used car purchases.

Effects on Vehicle Imports

Imports, both Completely Built-up Units (CBUs) and secondhand vehicles, are subjected to multiple taxation. The 18% GST is stacked on customs duties, regulatory duties, and additional customs duties. In the latest budget, a number of regulatory duties had been cut further to promote trade, but the high base of GST and new green levies made this ineffective for traditional vehicles.

High taxes levy a penalty for the importation of luxury and premium vehicles, continue to fend off local assemblers to some degree. But under IMF-inspired liberalization, used car import restrictions are being relaxed, and this could inundate the market with cheaper alternatives to new cars produced locally.

Sales have switched to EVs because they have less incentives and low tax compared to ICE high-taxed models. Over time, this could reshape import patterns in favor of greener technology.

Broader Implications for the Auto Sector

Pakistan’s auto industry has reached a crossroads. HighGST rates on vehiclesaim to boost government revenue and promote sustainability but risk stifling growth:

• Decreased sales volumes for regional OEMs (original equipment manufacturers).

• Thousands of people out of work at assembly plants and in dealership networks.

• Less rapid take-up of new technology owing to affordability.

• Sleeping on old, foreign cars instead of forex reserves.

The positive fallout of these policies is that it pushes people towards EVs and hybrids. These are the ones in line with global trends and reduces the dependence on oil imports.

Conclusion

The high GST rates affect the price and imports of vehicles in Pakistan’s auto sector tremendously. Currently, consumers will have to pay a higher cost as GST rates for vehicles are largely set at 18%. But the industry is still also dealing with demand downturns and changing dynamics. For buyers and stakeholders, knowing how much GST on cars in Pakistan is and how to calculate GST on car are both equally important.

As the industry adjusts to these changes, a balanced approach that will cater to both revenue requirements. It encourages affordable and green mobility is critical for sustainable expansion. For new GST rates on vehicles in Pakistan, kindly refer to FBR notifications.

In the fast-emerging IT industry of Pakistan, exporters influence the economy to a large extent by developing software. They are offering digital solutions and exporting IT enabled services. But the tax world can be difficult to get your head around. It is important for exporters to know about IT and sales tax in order to be compliant, minimize costs and penalties. In this blog, we cover basics such as sales tax on IT in Pakistan, exemptions available for exporters and some practical advice around your calculations. Whether you’re exporting software or offering IT support services online, being informed can help you maximize the benefits of these tax measures.

Overview of Sales Tax on IT

Sales tax in Pakistan is imposed under the Sales Tax Act, 1990 and on services it is controlled by Provincial Ordinances. The Federal side is controlled by the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR), and provinces operate service-related taxes. The IT and IT enabled service sectors includes software development, data processing and call center operations. The taxation will depend on location of the supply and nature of service.

In the case of ICT, IT services tax was available at 16% from July 2015 but later it had to be brought down to 5% by making another notification. Provincial rates for services typically fall between 15% and 16%, and the combined standard federal sales tax rate on goods is 18%. Crucially, provision within the domestic market of IT services evidently comes under taxable services.

But the point of interest for exporters is how these provisions are to be interpreted in the event of an international transaction. Exports are dealt with differently to promote foreign exchange earnings and are often eligible for zero-rating or exemptions.

Sales Tax on IT Services

IT services sales tax-effect in Pakistan is mainly for domestics supplies and on lower side for exports. ICT (Tax on Services) Ordinance 2001 also has given a broad definition of IT/IT enabled services, which is made consistent with the Income Tax Ordinance. The seller in the locality of a buyer that is client must charge sales tax for the province at which his business’s location. You can take an example of 16% in case Punjab represents services associated with IT.

Exporters have at least some good news that exports of IT services and IT enabled services are zero rated. This is the situation countrywide, except for certain exceptions in provinces like Sindh. Would the exporters on PSEB have an added advantage as most exporters don’t need to get FBR sales tax registration for exports? There are also possibilities that related services such as telecom for software exporters may be spared.

It may be mentioned here that although exports are zero-rated for sales tax purposes, PSEB-registered companies still are subject to withholding tax at a reduced rate OF 0.25% until the year 2026 on export proceeds which is also a final tax under the Final Tax Regime (FTR).

Sales Tax on IT Equipment

In terms of hardware sales, Pakistan’s IT equipment is sold by importers and suppliers are charged with the sales tax. The general rate for imported goods is 18%. But certain items like computers and laptops are subject to a separate rate. The FBR has raised sales tax on imported computers and laptops to 10% from 5% with effect from the ongoing fiscal as part of revenue generation measures. That’s true at the import level and for companies like IT firms, that cost can rise.

Exporters have some potential relief. Inputs that are used to carry out export-oriented activities may be eligible for the suspension or refund of sales taxes. In case of the importation of equipment for generation of exportable IT services, exporters are allowed input tax credits or exemptions.

Exemptions and Benefits for IT Exporters

There are several incentives for exporters in the IT industry to grow. Key exemptions include:

• Zero Rating on Exports: No sales tax on IT and IT enabled service exports under SRO 590(I)/2017 of ICT and provincial equivalent.

• Relief for Income Taxes: Income from exports is not taxed if 80% repatriated but is subject to the minimum tax on turnover. A possible transition to a 100% tax credit system could improve the situation.

• No Registration Necessary: Pure exporters of software or IT services sometimes avoid sales tax registration requirements.

• Reduction of withholding tax: 0.25% (for ATL listed IT exporters).

These are part of Pakistan’s effort to encourage digital exports but keep the rules in mind. Keep records of remittances and transact only through authorized dealers.

Compliance Requirements for IT Exporters

For Sales Tax on IT, exporters must keep in check:

• Appropriate sales tax registration (federal, provincial as applicable)

• Proper invoicing indicating zero-rated export of services

• Retention of contracts with foreign customers

• Evidence of foreign currency remittance

• Filing sales tax returns on time

Non-compliance could lead to the denial of your zero-rating exemptions and penalties, including an audit.

Conclusion

For Pakistan IT exporters, the correct application and understanding of sales tax on IT. Potential statues can convert possible liabilities into assets. The system ensures global competitiveness through zero-rated exports and specified exemptions. Keep an eye out for FBR notifications as policies will likely continue to develop recent change. The laptop tax increase are good examples of why vigilance is necessary. By complying and benefiting from advantages, exporters can concentrate on innovation and expansion. If you are an IT exporter, check your current operations to make sure they’re not overpaying.

The hospitality industry in Pakistan is vital for the economy, impacting tourism and dining. However, navigating the tax environment, particularly the Goods and Services Tax (GST), is complex as it operates under provincial jurisdictions. The blog outlines the GST structure for the hospitality sector in 2025, focusing on caterers, hotels, and restaurants. It highlights GST rates on accommodation and food, emphasizing varying provincial rates (15-16%) and possible reductions or exemptions based on business size and payment types. These updates stem from the 2025 provincial finance acts aimed at enhancing compliance and promoting digital payments.

Overview of GST for Hospitality Industry

The GST for Hospitality Sector comes primarily within the provincial domain of sales tax on services, as it consists of accommodation, food and event-related facilities. They are not taxed at the supply end in contrast with the GST on goods at the federal level. There is a focus on lower charges in 2025 for digital payments (through cards/mob-wallet/QR codes etc.) to promote cashless transaction economies. On the reduced rates, input tax adjustments (which you can think of as analogous to credits) are typically not allowed; businesses cannot deduct taxes paid on inputs.

Key factors influencing rates:

• Business size:Small, non-corporate firms may get exceptions to low rates.

• Location and facilities: A/C venues or hotels/clubs can be hit with higher taxes.

• Turnover thresholds: Small businesses, for example, (less than 5 million PKR turnover per annum) to be exempted.

• Mode of Payment: Discount on making payment through electronic means.

Now, break it down segment by segment.

GST Rates on Hotel Accommodation

Hotel accommodation is a key in the hospitality industry, and GST Rates on Hotel Accommodation widely fluctuate among states. These are prices for booking rooms, frequently with extras like in-room dining.

Punjab

Standard rate is 16% for corporate, franchise, chain hotels, which has more than 20 rooms. Nevertheless, little non-chain hotels (less than 20 rooms) have a lower rate of 5% applying without a creditable tax offset.

Sindh

Businesses are exempt if they generate less than PKR 5 million in annual turnover, as long as they are not air-conditioned, part of a franchise or situated in taxed premises (shopping malls or hotels). Otherwise, the standard 15% applies. For the bigger hotels, no graduated scale is indicated other than the deductions.

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Standard around 15%, lower for non-corporate setups under tourist areas (e.g. 10% for certain services without input adjustment). Hotel caterer-like services could be at 10% for functions.

Balochistan

Assumed under the head of overall hospitality services at lower 8% (without input adjustment), may even fall to 2%, if POS systems were in place for an electronic invoice. Exemptions for turnover of less than PKR 2.5 million, subject to the same conditions as Sindh.

Islamabad Capital Territory

15% discount on hotel Facilities based on updated 2025 rates.

In tourism-dependent areas, the provinces like KP and Balochistan give incentives, but hotels are required to get registered and follow digital reporting system in order to avail markdowns.

GST on Hotel Food and Restaurant Services

Speaking of the food available in hotels, GST on hotel food is generally dealt with independently or clubbed with accommodation. It encompasses buffets, room service and a la carte dining, under the category of GST rate for food in the hospitality industry.

Punjab

16% standard, decreased to 5% (no input credit) for debit/credit cards/mobile wallet / QR scan. This is particularly the case in hotel restaurants.

Sindh

For food and beverage services in hotels if paid through credit / debit card, sub section of section 153 to the extent of reduced to 8% (No adjustment of input) Exemptions reflect corresponding rules on accommodation for small scale operators.

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Standard about 15%, 10% for ancillary food services without input adjustment.

Balochistan

8% discounted tax rate for hotel-based eateries, reduced further to 2% with POS integration (except for the franchisee or club setups).

ICT

All food services in hotels are to be subjected to 15%.

The bundled rate may apply for hotel room rates just above set thresholds and any inclusions such as food, but separate billing can sometimes improve tax efficiency.

Hospitality Industry GST Rate for Standalone Restaurants

There is a separate hospitality industry GST rate for standalone restaurants, cafes and eateries which is generally lower than that of hotels as these are small businesses. This excludes those inside hotels.

Punjab

16% standard rate, but a reduced tax (no input) of 5% for electronic transfers.

Sindh

8% down on digital transactions (none contributed). Exempt if turnover is less than PKR 5 million and non-AC/non-franchised.

KP

15% standard, with a possible 10% for certain setups.

Balochistan

8% floor, adjustable to 2% with POS and e-invoicing (same as cafes, food huts, etc., not attached to hotels).

ICT

15%, possible 5% for card-based payments in line with recent FBR regarding.

These levels are an incentive to adopt digital, with a penalty for not being integrated at POS.

GST Rates for Caterers

Caterers, who do events like weddings and corporate functions, often straddle restaurants but also have unique things to consider, especially outdoor service.

Punjab

Flat 5% with no input tax credit benefit including marriage halls and pandals.

Sindh

Except for turnovers less than PKR 5 million subject to condition (No AC, single outlet etc.). Otherwise, 15% standard.

KP

10% without input tax adjustment for stand-alone and hotel-connected caterers.

Balochistan

Fall under restaurant at 8% (can reduce to 2% with POS) or fixed for event halls (e.g., PKR 50,000 per function for premium categories).

ICT

15%, packaged with services around the event.

Caterers get exemptions if they are small and do not have ties to taxed venues.

Key Insights

• Reduced Rates Favor Digital and Small Businesses: For small businesses and restaurants, there was a 2-8 percent savings on encountering electronic payments.
• Greater Scrutiny for Hotels: Often, there are fewer exemptions for accommodations than food services, and that’s especially true in urban provinces like Punjab and Sindh.
• Provincial Variations:Punjab’s minimum reduced rates are the lowest (5%) and in Balochistan tech adoption is rewarded by 2%. The caterers are at 10%, and KP tells us to be moderate.
• Impact on Industry:The rates are intended to bring the sector into the formal economy; however, small operators in Sindh and Balochistan benefit from exemptions that decrease compliance

Businesses are encouraged to check with their provincial collectors to determine precise applicability as certain criteria such as utility bill caps (PKR 40,000/month for each energy head) can stimulate exemptions.

Conclusion

GST in Pakistan is crucial for hotels, restaurants and catering to avoid penalties and reduce costs. The 2025 changes put digital use of the system and exemptions for SMEs on steroids. This can play a role in the development of the sector. Whether it is GST Rates on hotel accommodation, or GST on hotel food or overall GST for hospitality industry, please keep in mind that rates are specific and may vary from state to state. POS benefits for the industry If you’re in the hospitality industry. GST could dramatically slash your effective hospitality industry’s GST rate.

The health and pharmaceutical industry are a crucial aspect of public interest; therefore, governments are careful to tax the sector in a fair manner. GST on Pharmaceuticals has been designed to make the essential medicines available at an affordable rate and would also retain tax compliance throughout the distribution chain. It is important for manufacturers, distributors, hospitals, and pharmacies to be aware of what pharmaceuticals and medical supplies are exempt versus taxable.

In this blog, we will discuss GST on Medicines, exemptions, and tax rates under business.

Overview of GST

Launched in 2017, GST has effectively replaced several indirect taxes, thereby simplifying the supply chain for pharmaceuticals. The GST on medicines, moreover, is aimed at ensuring that essential and life-saving medicines remain within easy reach while charging normal rates for others. Before the 2025 reforms, the rates stood at levels of Nil, 5%, 12%, and 18%. The most recent novelty of GST on medicines is an evolution toward a much simpler system, with the majority now sitting at 5% and greatly expanded exemptions.

These were made to ease the burden on patients, particularly as they battle long term ailments and diseases including cancer, diabetes and rare diseases. Reforms also address inverted duty structures helping manufactures and distributors under the GST in the pharma sector.

Current GST Rates on Medicines

Nil (0% GST): Applicable to only lifesaving and vital drugs. Some 36 drugs (including 33 previously at 12% and 3 at 5%) would be completely exempt. They include treatments for cancer, rare genetic conditions, HIV, TB and serious cardiovascular disease. Examples include:

• Drugs used in the treatment of cancer (e.g., some targeted therapies).

• Drugs that treat rare diseases such as Agalsidase Beta, Imiglucerase and Eptacog alfa (activated recombinant coagulation factor VIIa).

• Vaccines under government tenders, human blood derivatives and contraceptives.

5% GST: Current normal rate for most drugs and formulations, down from 12%. This includes:

• Diabetes medications, hypertension drugs, anti-malarial and common formularies.

• Allopathy, Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy and bio-chemic drugs.

• Oral Rehydration Salts, insulin and most over the counter (OTC) medicines.

• This flat rate eases compliance and minimizes costs of regular medical needs.

Higher tax rates (18%): Applicable to over-the-counter items such as nicotine gums for quitting smoking or some health supplements which do not fall under core medicines.

Taxability and Exemptions

Medical equipment and devices also end up gaining from the GST reductions on healthcare and medicine:

• No GST: Sale of healthcare services (such as patient care, consulting physician visit). Supply of drugs and consumables provided during In-patient treatment is treated as composite supply and falls under exempt category.

• 5% GST (reduced from 12-18%):

• Bandages, gauzes, dressings and disposable surgical.

• Diagnostic kits, reagents and gluco meters and test strips.

• Oxygen for medical use, thermometers, surgical instruments, and virtually all medical/dental/veterinary equipment.

• Corrective spectacles and goggles.

It promotes preventive care and diagnostics as these reductions expand the scope of the health sector in GST rates, making it more accessible.

Impact on the Pharma Sector and Consumers

The GST on pharma sector has seen positive effects:

Reduced inputs on account of the solution to inverted duties.

So much for being able to go into business and have all the states competing rates of tax.

No compulsory recall/re-labelling of pre-September 2025 stock, helping to facilitate a smooth transition.

In terms of consumers, the new GST on medicines means prices will fall directly 12% tax over a medicine strip currently has come down to 5%, providing considerable savings for patients with long-term treatments.

Hospitals and pharmacies are allowed to take the input tax credit (ITC) on taxable supplies and not on exempt supplies. Expired medicines require ITC reversal.

New GST on Medicines: What Businesses Should Know

The new GST on medicines rules focuses on transparency, correct billing and right input tax credit utilization. Pharma businesses must:

• Stay updated with the all new GST notifications

• Review product classifications regularly

• Documentation and filing of GST needs to be precise

It’s important that you don’t miss out on updated GST rules, as the penalties can be financial and legal.

GST Guidance by CBM Consultants

CBM Consultants can assist your pharmaceutical business to efficiently control GST on medicines through properly classifying products, applying the right GST rates, and utilizing sales tax exemptions. We are engaged in processing GST registration along with return filings and its supporting due diligence systematically with the reduction of input tax credit including raw materials, import duties and services. By keeping abreast of the latest changes in regulations, GST reduction on healthcare and medicines and new GST notifications, we help pharma companies to ensure compliance, reduce risks during audits or assessments. Also, we enhance tax efficiency so that businesses can concentrate on their core healthcare practices.

Conclusion

The changing landscape of GST on pharmaceuticals regime focusses on public health, as increased exemptions and lower rates make critical medicines and supplies cost effective. By slashing GST on health and medicines, it not only strengthens its imprint as the “Pharmacy of the World” but also reduces financial stress at home. With GST on Pharmaceuticals, businesses should keep themselves informed based on the official GST announcements for accurate compliance. For patients, this turns into greater access to quality care and a more citizen-centered tax system.

Textile industry is the backbone of Pakistan economy which constitutes more than 60% to total exports and providing jobs directly or indirectly millions of people. Export-oriented units (EOUs) must sell cheaply in the world market or face disaster. We’ve learned that one of the most impactful domestic forces on their cost structure and cash flow is Sales Tax Regulations.

In this blog, we will walk you through the existing Sales Tax Rules, decode sales tax basics as applicable to exporters, analyze major sections of the FBR Sales Tax Act and cover important updates made under the Sales Tax Regulations 2025 that textile exporters should not miss.

Sales Tax Basics

In essence, Sales Tax is a Value Added Tax (VAT) that is imposed under the Sales Tax Act, 1990 by the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR). The standard rate is 17%, however the textile export sector benefits from a special zero-rating regime, once under the Fifth Schedule and now predominantly under the Export-Oriented Sectors (Zero-Rating) Rules as inserted by SRO 209(I)/2024 and amended from time to time.

In simple terms:

• Supplies to registered exporters local (spinning to ready fabric) are fully zero rated.

• Exporters claim zero-rating on their exports under Section 5 to read with Fifth Schedule, or the new EOU system.

• Refund of input tax paid on purchase of raw material, utilities and machinery etc.

Sales Tax Regulations 2025

The most significant change in the recent Sales Tax Regulations of Pakistan has occurred through Finance Act 2024, coupled with several SROs towards the end of 2024 and at the beginning of 2025. The concessional zero rating on local supplies of five export sectors (textile, leather, carpets, surgical and sports goods) under SRO 1125(I)/2011 was withdrawn with effect from 1st July 2024.

Instead, the government initiated a fresh scheme, Export Facilitation Scheme 2025, and a faster refund regime, known as FASTER-Plus, while also introducing special Sales Tax Rules for units registered under Export-Oriented Units.

Some of the salient features relating to Sales Tax Regulations for 2025 for textile EOU are:

Mandatory EOU Registration

All export-based zero-rated entities should now be registered in the Export Facilitation Scheme 2021 (updated till 2025) of the FBR and concerned Export Development Authorities.

17% Sales Tax on Local Supplies

Local supplies to EOUs are now being charged 17% sales tax as opposed to being zero-rated. But input tax is fully recoverable/ refundable via FASTER-Plus system within 72 hours (in most cases).

Deferral of Payment of Sales Tax on Imports

EOUs would be allowed to import raw material and machinery under DTRE (Duty and Tax Remission for Exports) or the new EFS without payment of sales tax on the condition that bank guarantees/pay-orders are provided.

Consumption-Based Minimum Tax

EOUs must pay a minimum value-addition tax of 2–3% on export proceeds if their input tax adjustment is overly excessive to output (a measure to curb fake/flying invoices).

 

Impact on Textile Exporters

Positive Impacts

• The average refund time has been cut down to just under a week, compared with 6‒9 months prior to FASTER-Plus which led to quicker refunds.
• This makes it easier to manage the operating capital through deferred payment on imports.
• Sincere exporters with appropriate documents are getting recovery of their inputs in almost real-time.

Negative Impacts and Challenges

• Cash Flow Crunch:Regardless of whether refunds are rapid, the imposition of 17% up front on local purchases ties up billions in working capital for large mills.

• Heavier Compliance Load:EOU registration, e-invoicing, and monthly consumption ratios need strong ERP.

• Vulnerability of audit and penalties in case input output ratios are raised by the FBR’s AI-based risk engine.

• Small and medium exporters that do not have robust finance teams are finding the change challenging.

What Textile Export-Oriented Units Should Do?

• You should register under Export Facilitation Scheme 2025 (EOU) at the earliest.

• Connect your ERP with FBR’s Digital Invoice Portal.

• Keep proper records of production and consumption activity to prevent little value-addition tax.

• Annex-H Monthly without fail (including nil) to remain eligible for FASTER-Plus.

• If you are a commercial exporter, or Tier-2/3 manufacturer, you may want to have a look at participating in an indirect export scheme.

Conclusion

Even as the government targets to clamp misuse of zero-rating regime and broaden the tax base, real textile export-oriented units are now under higher compliance costs and temporary liquidity stress. Anyone who does not quickly adapt to the digital and EOU world will come under increasing pressure of competition.

Never has it been more important for Pakistan’s textile industry to be up to date with FBR Sales Tax Act changes, notices and circulars.